Net-Zero America:

Potential Pathways,
Infrastructure, and Impacts

The Net-Zero America research quantifies five distinct technological pathways, all using technologies known today, by which the United States could decarbonize its entire economy. With multiple plausible and affordable pathways available, the societal conversation can now turn from “if” to “how” and focus on the choices the nation and its myriad stakeholders wish to make to shape the energy transition.

The study is the first to map with high geographic specificity the infrastructure that needs to be built and the investments required to run the country without emitting more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere than are removed from it each year. It quantifies inherent challenges and opportunities with different pathways, and the granularity allows state-level assessments of implications for land use, employment, air pollution-related health impacts, capital mobilization, incumbent fossil fuel industries, and new clean-energy industries.

Insights from this study can inform this conversation.

This website presents the pathways in an interactive context to enable policy makers and other stakeholders to extract specific results that are most useful to them. The site should be used in conjunction with the Net-Zero America report to fully understand the data contained herein.

Five Approaches
to Decarbonization:

Scenario 1

E+High Electrification

  • Nearly full electrification of transport and buildings by 2050
  • No land-use change for biomass supply allowed
  • Few other constraints on energy supply options

Scenario 2

E-Less-High Electrification

  • Less-rapid electrification of transport and buildings
  • No land-use change for biomass supply allowed
  • Few other constraints on energy supply options

Scenario 3

E- B+High Biomass

  • Less-rapid electrification of transport and buildings
  • Biomass supply requires converting some agricultural land from food to energy crops
  • Few other constraints on energy supply options

Scenario 4

E+ RE-Renewable Constrained

  • Nearly full electrification of transport and buildings by 2050
  • Solar and wind power annual capacity additions constrained to historical maximum
  • No land-use change for biomass supply allowed
  • Few other constraints on energy supply options

Scenario 5

E+ RE+100% Renewable

  • Nearly full electrification of transport and buildings by 2050
  • No fossil fuel use allowed by 2050
  • No land-use change for biomass supply allowed
  • No new nuclear power construction allowed, existing plants retired
  • No underground storage of CO2 allowed

Scenario 6

REFReference

  • Based on US EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2019 (Reference case, no new policies)
  • No greenhouse gas emission constraints imposed
  • Same (low) projected oil and gas prices as for net-zero pathways

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